Automatic water softener



Sept. 14, 1954 H. c. wAUGH AUTOMATIC WATER soFTENER Filed Feb. 4, 1949 '7 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 14, 1954 Filed Feb. 4. 1949 H. c. WAUGH 2,689,218 AUTOMATIC WATER soFTENER 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 sept. 14, 1954 Filed Feb. 4. 1949 figg@ H. C. WAUGH AUTOMATIC WATER SOFTENER 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sept. 14, 1954 H. c. wAuGH AUTOMATIC WATER SOFTENER '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 4. 1949 Sept, 14, 1954 Filed Feb. 4. 1949 fig? H. C. WAUGH AUTOMATIC WATER SOFTENER 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Sept. 14, 1954 H. c. WAUGH 2,689,218

AUTOMATIC WATER SOFTENER Filed Feb. 4. 1949 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 IIIIMHNM" mmm wllmlml Illini l #u #if in. "NIW" ma' ORNEYS sep1.14,1954 H. c. WAQGH l l 2,689,218

AUTOMATIC WATER SOFTENER Filed Feb. 4, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR Patented Sept. 14, 1954 UNI TED S TATES 'PATENT vOFFICE 12 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to automatic water softening.

The process claims originally'appearing in this application have been divided andare contained in application Serial No. 253,327, led October 26, 11951, for Automatic 'Water Softener.

A purpose of the invention is .to improve the `construction of automatic water 'softeners so that they can operate more `reliably and with less maintenance and service.

A further purpose to simplify and cheapen the initial construction or" automatic water softeners by eliminating elaborate programming devices which lare likely to get out of order, and by more closely 'interrelatin'g the drive, the valve `motion and the electrical control so as to reduce the likelihood that ailure of lcomponents will produce unsatisfactory Water softening.

A `further purpose is to produce electrical impulses from a water meter responsive to the Vflow of Water through a softener, to count the impulses on `a counter, to `count out the counter at a predetermined count, Ito start 'a backwash timer in response to `the counting out of 'the counter,

`to start abrining timer in response to the timing Yout of the backvvash 'timer and to restore the lsoftener to softening `when the brining .timer has timed out.

A further purpose is to yadvance a rotary valve to the backwash position 'in response to the counting out of the counter, to the 'brining posipended, thus avoiding the necessity of an additionalcontrol to deter-mine the end'of the brining and the beginning of the rinsing.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

'in the drawings have chosen to illustrate one only of the numerous embodiments in which my nvention may appear, choosing Vthe form Ishown from the Astaruipoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear ydemonstration 'of the principles involved.

Figure l is a diagrammatic `side elevation of an automatic Water softener manufactured in accordance with the invention.V

' cost of maintenance.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a right -end elevation of Figure 1 omitting the brine makeup and brine supply tanks.

Figure 4 `is a flow .sheet .showing the main component parts in `their relation to the `rotary valve.

Figure 5 is a circuit diagram useful in explaining the invention.

Figure 6 is a limit switch diagram showing the limit switch positions.

Figure '7 is Aan axial section of the rotary valve.

Figure 8 is a section of Figure 7 on the line Figure 9 is a diagrammatic perspective of a timer which may be employed in the invention.

Figure 9a is a fragment of one 0f the timer contacts shown in elevation, and the tripping .notch beneath the insulation of the contact.

Figure 10 is a `fragmentary axial section through the timer of Figure 9.

Fig-ure 11 is a fragmentary variation of Figures 9 and '110, `shown in perspective, to illustrate one form of counter ywhich may be used.

Describing vin illustration but not in limitation :and referring to the drawings:

In the prior art efforts have been made to produce automatic water `softeners which can be operated with supervision only at infrequent intervals. Such devices have been very expensive due lto the complicated program 'devices required and have in many cases been very vulnerable to interruption in service, as there has been insufficient :intel-locks and insufficient foolproong 'connections to prevent difficulty where certain components function improperly.

In the present invention, arrangements for lcontrolling the program of the ysoitener have been greatly simplilied, and the hydraulic, electrical and mechanical parts have been so closely interrelated as to reduce to a minimum the likelihood of failure to function, and to decrease the The control in the present invention is accomplished rather simply by a counter and a' series of timers interrelated with a water meter, a rotary valve and requisite switching.

Referring particularly to Figures l to 5 inclusive, the water softener mechanism in accordance with the invention comprises a water softener tank ti) resting -on a base 2l and containing a charge 22 of zeolite or other water Vsoftening `material accessible through an access opening 23. The water softener has anormal water inlet pipe or connection 24 near the top and a normal water outlet pipe or connection 25 near the bottom. The normal inlet connection to the water softener is connected to a suitable radial port 26 in the housing 21 of a motor driven rotary valve 28 (Figures 7 and 8) having a conical seat 30 and an interior cooperating plug valve member 3|. The normal outlet connection 25 from the water softener tank enters a port 32 in the bottom of the valve housing which communicates with the valve as later explained. Of course it will be understood that the construction of the valve can be varied to meet the requirements of the particular installation.

Beneath the level of the water softener tank is located a drain 33 (Figure 1) which receives drain water from a sump 34 having a baffle 35 extending downward from the top and across the sump and having a Weir 36 extending upward from the bottom to a point above the level of the bottom of the baille, so that drain water must pass under the baille and over the weir. The Weir may be desirably equipped with a head gauge 31. The rotary valve is connected through a port 38 with a pipe 40 extending into the sump 34 on the opposite side of the baffle with respect to the Weir. The pipe 40 is equipped with a float valve 4| having a float 42 which opens the valve when the water in the sump lowers to a predetermined level, and closes the valve when the water in the sump becomes unduly high.

The rotary valve is also connected by a port 43 with an inlet pipe 44 to the water softening device, desirably controlled by a shut-off valve 45, which is normally open and manually operated.

A port 46 in the rotary valve housing communicates by a pipe 41 through a water meter 48 and a check valve 50 (opening in the direction of effluent flow) with the soft water service by which the water softened by the softener is taken to the point of use.

The valve seat 30 is provided with radial ports 52, 53, 54 and 55 respectively cooperating with radial ports 26, 43, 46 and 38 in the housing. Likewise one end 56 of the valve seat is open for communication with the port 32 at the end of the housing. The valve seat of course remains stationary as the valve turns.

The rotary valve 3| has radial ports 51, 60, 6|, 62 and 63, and is provided with a diagonal internal partition 64, placing the ports 6| and 62 on one side of the partition and the other ports on the opposite side thereof. The end of the valve adjoining the port 32 in the housing has a port 65 for communicating with the port 32 endwise of the valve.

The rotary valve has a stem 66 extending from the end opposite to the port 65 and has an antifriction metal bearing and packing 61 on the stem engaging the center bore of a head 68 secured to the valve housing by bolts 10.

Brine is prepared in a makeup tank 1| which receives fresh water through a filling pipe 12 branching from the raw water inlet pipe 44, controlled by a shutoff valve 13, and when the shutoff valve is open, regulated by a iioat valve 14 inside the tank. A perforated brine collector pipe extends across the bottom of the brine makeup tank and is carried through a shutoff valve 16 (open when the system is in operation), a solenoid valve 11 and a shutoif valve 18 (normally open when the system is in operation) into a brine measuring tank 80. The brine make- 4 up tank will desirably be very large compared to the brine measuring tank.

Near the bottom of the brine measuring tank is an outlet float valve 8| which remains open when the brine level is high but closes when the brine level drops to a predetermined lower level in the tank, and the iloat valve 8 I discharges through suitable piping and a check valve 82 (opening in the direction toward the water softener) and then through the suction connection of a suitable pump 83, preferably an eductor which discharges by a pipe 84 into the water softener tank near the top. The water jet connection to the eductor is through a pipe 85 from the main raw Water inlet pipe 44, through a shutoff valve 86 (normally open While the system is in operation) and then through a solenoid valve 81.

The water softener tank is provided with an overilow pipe 88 extending from the top of the tank to the sump, and the brine makeup tank is provided with an overflow pipe 90 extending from the brine makeup tank near the top into the sump. The overflow pipe from the water softener is controlled by a shutoff valve 9|. The softener is equipped with a suitable pressure gage and pressure gage connections 92.

The rotary valve 28 is operated by an electric motor and speed reducer 93 interconnected to the stem 66 of the rotary valve by a chain and sprocket drive 94. An electric motor 95 of the motor and speed reducer unit is operated to shift the valve as later explained. The stem 66 of the valve also is interconnected to a rotary limit switch assembly 96 by a chain and sprocket drive 91, the sprockets of which are of one to one ratio so that the limit switch assembly moves around its circumference proportionally to the motion of the rotary valve. The limit switch assembly is desirably located in a timer housing 9B provided on the front of the water softener.

The water meter 48 carries on its rotor shaft contacts |0| (Figure 5) in a contact housing |02 (Figures 1 and 2). The contacts suitably close once in each revolution of the selected shaft of the Water meter. Referring particularly to Figure 5, a source of suitably alternating current is connected to lines |03 and |04. The water meter contacts |0| are connected by electrical connections |05 with a ratchet solenoid coil |06 of a counter |01. By electrical connections |08 a movable limit switch contact ||0 connected to a iixed contact is connected in series across the line with an electromagnetic clutch ||2 of the counter |01. The electromagnet of solenoid valve 11 is placed in series with the limit switch contacts ||0, and in parallel with the clutch ||2.

When the counter |01 counts out as later explained, it completes the electrical circuit through a movable contact ||3 and xed contact ||4 in series across the line through connections ||5 with an electromagnetic clutch ||6 of an electric timer |1. When the clutch |6 is energized, it mechanically closes timer motor contacts |l8 and ||8, which are in series across the line through connections |20 with timer motor |2|, suitably a synchronous motor.

Movable limit switch contact ||0 is of double throw type and in its opposite position makes contact with fixed contact |22 in electrical connections |23 in series with timer clutch electromagnet |6 across the line.

When timer clutch electromagnet ||6 is energized, it completes the circuit through backwash aeeegefie timer lmovable contactv I 24? and 'xedl contact. I 2 5'; series acrosslthe line; with the electromagnet clutchf coil` |26 of brine-rinse; timer |21.' When ti'mer clutch electromagnet clutch coill |261 is en'- ergizedV it" closes timer motor contacts |28' in series with brine rinse timer motor |30 across the line. When brine rinse clutch electromagnet` |26 is energized, it also brings movable switch contactv |3| into connection with fixed switch contact |32, placing rotary valve motor 9'5 in series with limit switch contacts |33 of limit switch |34 which is of double pole double throw type, and provided"v with another set of contacts |35 'I'hefbackwash timer movable switch contact |24 is of single pole double throw type, having an opposite fixed contact |36: which isr closed when the backwashy timer times out, placing rotary valve' motor 95across the line inseries with limitv switch |31.

Likewise .the brine-rinse timer movable switch isfof double throw'type, and movable contact |3| engages fixed Contact |38 when thevbrine-rinse timer times out, placingf thev electromagnet of solenoid valve 81 across the line through limit switch contacts |35, which are'then: closed:

By reference to Figure 6 the relationship of the respective limit switches |I0, ||`|;l III),` |22; |31, |33 and |35 will be apparent. In the soit-y ening position (SO or on Figurer 6) limit switch II||, I| is closed, limit switch |10., |22- is open, limit switch |31 is closed, limit switch |33 is closed and limit switch |35 is open. As the limit switch assembly advances toward the backwash position, limit switch I I0; I I opens and remains open forv the rest of. the cycle,Y while limit switch H0, |22 closes'and remains closed untillthesoitening position is reached on. the next cycle, and limit switches |31 and |33 remain closed while limit switch |35 remains-open.

When the backwash` position. (BW or 90) is reached, limit switch |31 opens, and remainsopen until the limit` switch assembly has advanced beyond the backwash position, after which it again closes and remains closed to and includ ing the start of thenext cycle.

At the brining position (BR, conveniently located` at 3171/4?) limit switch |33` opens.- while limit switch |35 closes, and shortly beyondthe brining position limit switch :|33 again closes` and remains closed for the restv of. the cycle, while limit switch |35 again opens and; remains'open for the remainder ofthe cycle.

The timer employed in theidevice of the in-l vention may be of any suitable commercialtype, of which a typical and very satisfactory form is illustrated in. Figures, 9e and` 10. For convenience thisV will be consideredto be-thebackwash timer, although it will be evident that the same structure might be employed as a brine-rinse timer. The synchronous motor |2I. has an. armature. |40 anda ield` I.4I. The motor drives a shaft |42 which interconnects by speed reduction gearing |43` with av clutch. gear |44 which surrounds andA is rotatable with respectto a shaft |45 (best seen in Figure l0). The clutch gear has a suitably conical clutch engaging face |46 at one end which makes enga-gement. with a clutch |41 pinned on the shaft |45-at |48; The clutch suitably has` bearing mounting: at |56 in theframe I5| of the timer. Onthe oppositey end, of. the shaft |45 from the clutch |41 and suitably free with respect to the shaft is. a Icollar |52A secured4 to. theV clutch gear |44 which atv its rear wardend` engages washers |53 aroundithe shaft urging the clutch gear away fromv the clutch` when pcrmittedby theclutch operating lever |54.

Onthe opposite side. of the clutch operating lever |54, the lever is held in position by washers |55 on: the shaft and a collar |56 suitably secured to the shaft. The clutch operating lever |54- desirably is resilient to permit overtravel and to return the clutch. and' solenoid armature and associated parts to be described when the clutch isy released, and at its opposite end makes pivotal connection at |51 with a sliding armature |58'of. the clutch solenoid ||6. The solenoid ||6 and the. synchronous motor |2| are electrically connected'as shown in Figure 5. 'Ihus by energizing the solenoid the clutch isengaged so that the motioni of the. synchronous motor isA transmitted through the gearing and clutch to rotate the. shaft |45.

A spiral spring |60.is secured at one end to the frame4 I5| and at the other yend to the clutch |141 (at` points not shown) tending to return the shaft |45 tov zero` against a suitable stop, not shown.

Suitably mounted on the clutch |41 is a timer arm |6|f which turns with the shaft |45 and pivotally mounts. at'. |62 at its outer endV a tripping bellcrank |63f (Figure 9) having, one arm |64V which. follows the surface of a timer cam |65 coaxial with theshaft and an oppositearm |66 (Figures 9 and 10)*which extends into a position surrounding the shaft and engages the side' toward. the clutch of a sliding. collar |61 on the shaft. but free therefrom. In inactive position the bellcrank |63 zeroes against stop |63' (Figure 11). A projection |68 on the cam determines th=e timer setting. The cam is conveniently mounted on a shaft |10 journalled in the frame |1I and rotatably adjusted to any fixed position'by aA knob |12.

When the collar |61 moves axially of the shaft under the action of the tripping bellcrank |53it carries to' the right in Figure l0 a lower bellcrank: arm |'i3A of a trippingl lever |14 pivoted at |15 ina suitable lportion of the frame notshown. (Figures 9; 9B and l0). The bellcrank arm |13` isresiliently urged. away from the cam |65 by a` leaf spring |13.

The switches as best seen in Figure 9 include contacts HS and IIB (the lower. one) which close tovstart thefsynchronous motoiq and contacts. |25,

` |24 and |36 which do the switching of otherparts of the circuit, all contacts being supported. intermediate theirends on a fixed pivot |16 passing through insulation portions thereof and, re ceiving` electrical connections through. leads |11.` The Contact H8. is below the contact H8 at the contacting surfaces and the contact |24- is4 be-` tween the uppercontact |36 and the lower con- 'tact |252 A contact closing bellcrank I 116' behindthe contacts has fixed pivot at an the frame (not shown) and consists of a lower arm |6| which pivotally connects' to the clutch solenoid armature |58 and an upper rocking plate |82 integral therewith extending over the rear ends of the contacts at, insulating portions thereof, and having a series of holesthrough which pins |83 upstanding on the rear` ends of` the contacts pass. The pinshaveheads |84 at their upper ends .above` the rocking plate and the. pins in the contacts are up,-V

wardly urged with respect to the rocking plate |82 by compression springs |85.

The insulation portion of the contacts I I8 and |24 have bottom recesses |86 forward of the pivots |16 (Figure 9a) and in the initial position in which the clutch is energized the tripping lever |13 engages the insulation of the contacts slightly forward of the recess 86 as shown in Figure 9a. When the collar |61 moves to the right in Figure 10 against the action of the spring |13' when forced by the cam projection |68, the contacts IIB and |24 drop, the upper end of the tripping lever |13 dropping into the notches |86. This condition occurs when the timer times out, thus opening synchronous motor contacts I I8 and I8', and shifting the movable switch contact |24 from the fixed contact |36 to the fixed contact |25 under the action of the appropriate spring |85.

As shown in Figure ll, the device of Figures 9, 9a and 10 with some changes can equally well be employed as a counter employed at |01 in Figure 5, rather than a timer. In this case instead of the synchronous motor, a counter solenoid |08 is employed, having an armature 01 pivotally connected at |88 to a ratchet arm |90 returned by a tension spring |9| against a suitable stop |90. The ratchet arm carries a pawl |92 pivoted to the ratchet arm at |93 and urged into engagement by a leaf spring |94. The pawl engages a ratchet |95 on a shaft |96 on which the ratchet arm swings. The ratchet |95 is coaxial with and lphysically attached to a spur gear |91 which engages the clutch gear |46 already described. By this procedure it is possible to modify the timer of Figures 9, 9a and l0 to function as a counter, the cam protrusion |68 being simply located at a point at which the counter will count out.

When used as a counter, contacts I I8, I I8 and |36 can be omitted.

Softening operation In operation of the complete assembly, by reference to Figure 6 it will be noted that at the softening position limit switch ||0, |II is closed, limit switch I|0, |22 is open, limit switch |31 is closed, limit switch |33 is closed and limit switch |35 is open. At this stage water is entering through the hard water inlet 44, passing through the rotary valve (Figures '1 and 8) in ports 43, 53 and 60 and 51, 52 and 26, and through connection 24 to the water softener, after which it leaves the water softener by connection 25, and passes through rotary valve parts 32, 56 and 65 and 6 I, 54 and 46, through the meter 48 and check valve 50 to the service 5|.

By reference to Figure it will be evident that the circuit through limit switch IIO, III energizes the clutch solenoid ||2 of counter |01 and also energizes normally closed solenoid valve 11 which permits brine to flow from brine makeup tank 1| to brine measuring tank 80. The two tanks being at the same level will reach equality of level, and in this way the brine measuring tank is charged. Since the brine makeup tank will desirably be many times the size of the brine measuring tank, and since water will be filled into the -brine makeup tank to a level controlled by the oat valve 14, the quantity of water added to the brine makeup tank after each brining will be small and the concentration of the brine will be quite uniform. The brine makeup tank will normally contain an excess of salt to be dissolved.

As the softening proceeds, the water meter will turn proportional to the flow of softened water passing to the service, and the water meter contacts IOI will close progressively in proportion to the flow. This ticking off by the water meter will continue during the softening operation, and on the next cycle will go forward at the place where it left olf, without the necessity of interposing any zeroing mechanism in the water meter, thus greatly simplifying the meter.

Each time the water meter contacts |0| close, the ratchet solenoid |06 is energized, advancing the ratchet of the counter |01 for one tooth. Since the counter clutch solenoid I I2 is energized, the clutch |41 advances as the ratchet turns, moving the tripping bellcrank |63 around the cam |65 until the number of impulses is sufllcient to bring the tripping bellcrank to the cam projection |68, rocking the lower end of the bellcrank |63 to the right in Figure l0, and through shift of the collar |61 to the right, shifting the tripping lever |13 to the left at the top (Figure 9e) to make the counter count out. The predetermined count of the number of closings of contacts I0| will of course allow for factor of safety in softener operation, making due allowance for the loss of eiliciency of the zeolite during its campaign.

During this period while the counter is counting, the clutches of the timers I|1 and |21 are both de-energized and the rotary valve motor is de-energized so that the rotary valve remains stationary in the softening position corresponding to zero degrees on the limit switch.

Backwash As soon as the counter |01 has counted out, the counter ratchet trips movable contact I I3 (which corresponds in structure to movable oontact |24 in Figure 9) to close against xed contact II4 of the counter (which corresponds in structure to fixed contact |25 in Figure 9). This completes a circuit through clutch I|6 of backwash timer I1, energizes the clutch and mechanically closes the motor contacts ||8 and II8' of the backwash timer motor by the action of bellcrank |18 (Figure 9) so as to place the synchronous motor I2I in operation. The motor thus begins the timing of the backwash operation, since clutch gear |44 is driven through the gear train by the synchronous motor, and through the clutch drives shaft |45 and tripping bellcrank |63 around cam |65.

As soon as the backwash timer clutch II6 closes it also closes contacts |24, |36 of the backwash timer due to the action of bellcrank |18, which completes the circuit through limit switch |31 and rotary valve motor 95, starting the valve motor forward. As the rotary valve advances, the limit switches advance (Figure 6), opening limit switch I|0, ||I and closing limit switch IIO, |22. The opening of limit switch ||0, III de-energizes counter clutch |I2, allowing spiral spring |60 to return tripping bellcrank |63 to zero against a suitable stop |63 shown in Figure 11. At the same time this de-energizes normally closed solenoid valve 11, allowing it to close and cutting oil' the flow of brine between the brine makeup tank 1I and the brine measuring tank 80. The closing of limit switch |I0, |22 completes the circuit of backwash timer clutch I6, which by motion of bellcrank |18 holds motor contacts I|8 and IIB' of the backwash timer closed notwithstanding that the release of clutch ||2 of counter |01 releases switch |I3, II4, through which clutch |I6 had previously been energized, by allowing bellcrank |18 of this counter to return to inactive position. Valve motor 95- stops when, limit switch,V |31 opens at the. 90 position (Figure. 6') at which point the rotary valvev remains stationary for backwashing. It willbe. understood of course that the time of motion of the valve from the softening tothe backwashing position lis a negligent portion of the. total backwashing time counted by the baci;- wash timer. In backwashing position the connection from. the water softenerto` theI service is cut. off entirely, and connection is established through the. rotary valve from the hard water inlet 44 through ports t3, 53, 6| and |35, 5E, 3.2 to the, bottom connection 25 of the softener, and from the top connection 254 of; the softener through. the rotary valve via ports; 2t., 5-2., as and 51, 55, 38 into the sump and under the baiiie and over the weir to` the drain. In case the drain should become clogged, buttery noat valve 4| will partially or wholly close, cutting down on backwash until the water can leave by the drain. When the backwash `timer times out, backwashing is stopped by shifting of contact |224 of the backwash timer and forward movement of the rotary valve toward the brine and rinse portion.

The movable contact |24. shifts from the fixed contact |36 to the fixed contact |25 by the action of cam projection |63. in moving arm |54: of bellcrank |63 radially outward (Figures 9 and 10), thus moving the arm la of this bellcrank to the right in Figure. 1 0, forcingA collar 61 to the right, and urging the radial inner endV of tripping lever |13 to. the right, thus, swinging the tripping lever about its pivots |15., and moving the upper end to the left in Figure 9.a until the end of the tripping lever enters slot |85 of the insulation on contact |24, permitting contact |24 to drop under the action of spring |85 untill it contacts fixed contact |25.

Brine-'rinse As soon as the backwash timer timesV out, indicating that an adequate time for backvvashingv has elapsed, the motor causes the tripping of contact |24 to connect with contact |25. This completes the circuit through theA brine-rinse timer clutch |26, which closes motor contact |28 of the brine-rinse timer due to the action of bellcrank |18. and startsv synchronous motor |38. of the brine-rinse timer, beginning the brine-rinse timing period. At the same time brine-rinse. timer contacts I 3|, |38 close due to the action of bellcrank |18, and since limit switch |33 is closed, this starts the rotary valve motor 95 forward toward the brine-rinse position. This cuts on the connection of the soft water inlet through the rotary valve to the bottom of the softener, while establishing a connection 25 from the bottom of the softener to the drain, through rotary valve parts 32, 56, 55 and 62, 55, 38. Likewise the connection 24 from the hard water inlet to the top of the softener through the rotary valve is cut off by the solid wall of thev valve.

As soon as the limit switch assembly reaches the 3171/4 position (chosen for brining and rinsing), limit switch |33 opens and limit switch i314 closes. The opening of limit switch |33 breaks the circuit of the rotary valve motor 8.5,.and the.y closing of limit switch |35 energizes and opens normally closed solenoid valve 81 to begin brining.

The normally closed solenoid valve 81 opens; high pressure water from the hard water inlet. 44 through pipe 85 and open valve 86 into the eductor 83, thus pumping brine from brine measuring tank 8|)` through pipe 8| and check A top of the water softener;

valve 8-2, and discharging the combined, stream of brine and water; through connection 84 inte. the

As, soon as the content of the brine measuring tank has been, dis.- charged down to the level at whichthe float Valve 8:| closes, supply of brine through pipe. il to the eductorceases, but ilo-w of water through the eductor andthe connection 8,11r continues. Allo-wance` is madein the brine-rinse timing for .completion of the discharge o-f the. measured quantity of brine through the, eductor into. the top ofthe watersoftener, and for additionall time for rinsing out of ther brine. Thus it willbe evident that water passes through the pipe 85: during the brine-rinse steps for two purposes: rst of. al'l to provide pumping for the brine in the eductor and dilute thefbrine slightly as it en-.ters the water softener during. theA brining step., and secondly for the. purposeof rinsing the brine out of the water softener after the:nfieasuredr quantity of brine.- has been pumped from the: brine.- measuring tank 8D into the water softener.

The rotary valve and valvev motor remain at this brine-rinse position until the` brine-rinse timer times outL at which point contacts 3 I, |38 are broken and contacts |.3|:,l |32' are made (fin the same man-ner as. previously described for the backwash timer and' the counter),Y completing the circuit through the rotary valve` motor 9.5., which carries. the valve and limit switches forward until the softening position is reached. As the rotary val-ve and; lim-it switches advance beyond the brine-rinse position,` limit switch- |33. closes and lli-mit switch |35 opens, ie-energizing the normally closed solenoid valve 81 so that it closes,A thus-cutting; off rinsing prior to the shift of, the; rotaryval-ye to softening position. As the ro.- tary valve shifts to softening position., the connection 2.5. from the bottom 0f the softener to the, sump is cutoff and the softening Connections are reestablished, from the. hard waterV inlet through the rotary valve to thev top' of the water softener at 24 andform; the bottom connection 25 of the water softener through. the rotary valve to, the. service.

At the softening position, limit. switch |.|l', |V closes, energizing the counter clutch |.|j2 ofthe softening counter |01 and energizing solenoid valve 11, permitting connection between the brine. makeup tank and the brine measuring tank to. re.- Charge the brine measuring tank. At the. same position limitv switch ||0,|.`2 2 opens., cie-energizing clutch HG. of backwash timer |`|1' thus opening switch |'l8l of.' backwash timer motor 2| by the action of bellcrank |18y and allowing the backwash timer to return to zero under the action of spiral, spring |60,l and opening Contacts |24, |25' under the. action of bellcrank. |18. By thus opening contacts |24, |25',A the clutch |26 of brinerinse. timer |21 is de-energized` opening motor switch |28 of the brine-rinse timer due to the action of. bellcrank |18., allowing the, brine-rinse timer to return to. zero under the. action of spiral spring |60, opening contacts |,3 |32 of the brinerinse timer due to the. action of bellcrank |18., and stopping the, forward motion of the rotary valve, motor in softening position by disconnecting the rotary valve motor 95.

The softening, cycle. now starts again, the contacts. |0.| of the water meter ticking off. in response to the quantity of. softened water passing to the service.,r without any zeroing of the contacts between one cycle and another. Thus it will be seen that the counter counts out and starts over againwith. itsieounton each successive cycle,

but the water meter contacts continue ticking off impulses indefinitely. The counter when it counts out establishes the beginning of the backwash time cycle, and very early, practically at the beginning of the backwash time cycle, the rotary valve reaches the backwash position. When the backwash timer times out it starts the operation of the brine-rinse timer, and concurrently starts the advance of the rotary valve to the brine-rinse position. Very early and practically at the beginning of the brine-rinse timing cycle the rotary valve advances to the brine-rinse position, and from then on the timing cycle determines the ending of the sequence of brining and rinsing. The end of brining and the beginning of rinsing is determined by the quantity of brine provided for brining purposes.

When the brine-rinse timer times out it establishes the start of the softening counter and advances the rotary valve to the softening position. At the same time the timers are zeroed and the cycle is ready to be repeated.

While I have shown a particular form of timer which is desirable and which consists of a synchronous motor and clutch, it will be understood that any other suitable form of timer may be used. Likewise while I have shown an electromagnetic counter, it Will be evident that any other suitable form. of counter may be employed.

It Will be evident that one of the important advantages of the invention is the great adaptability and flexibility to different installations, by which it is possible to make adjustment for differences in water or zeolite composition by correspondingly changing the position at which the counter will count out, and also to make adjustments in the Water softener cycle by changing the timing of the backwash cycle or of the brine and rinse cycle, or of the brining alone.

In View of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the process and structure shovvny and I, therefore, claim all such insofar as they fall Within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. In a Water softening mechanism, a softener, a raw Water connection, a service connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with valve means having ports for one position directing water from the raw water connection through the softener to the service connection, in a second position directing water in reverse through the softener to the drain while cutting off the service connection and in a third position directing brine from the brine source through the softener to the drain While cutting off the service connection, a water meter responsive to the flow of water through the softener in softening, electric contact means on the water meter for making contact at intervals corresponding to the flow of Water through the meter, an electric counter for counting a predetermined number of impulses resulting from closing of the electric contact means, electrically operated means cooperating with the valve means and put in operation by the counter when the predetermined count is reached for cutting off the flow of Water from the raw water connection to the service connection through the softener in the rst position, and for establishing flow of water for backwashing from the raw Water connection to the drain through the softener in reverse in the second position, a first timer set in operation by the counter for measuring a predetermined time for backwashing, electrically operated means cooperating with the valve means and put in operation by the first timer for cutting oir the flow of backwash through the softener and connecting the source of brine through the softener to the drain in the third position, a second timer put in operation by the rst timer for timing a period to include the brining and electrically operated means cooperating With the valve means and put in operation by the second timer for shifting the softener from brining to softening in the first position.

2. In a Water softening mechanism, a softener, a ravr Water` connection, a service connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with valve means having ports for one position directing Water from the raw water connection through the softener to the service connection, in a second position directing water in reverse through the softener to the drain while cutting on the service connection and in a third position directing brine from the brine source and rinse water through the softener to the drain while cutting off the service connection, a water meter responsive to the flow of Water through the softener in softening, electric contact means on the Water meter for making contact at intervals corresponding to the flow of water through the meter, an electric counter for counting a predetermined number of impulses resulting from closing of the electric contact means, electrically operated means cooperating With the valve means and put in operation by the counter when the predetermined count is reached for cutting off the flow of water from the raw Water connection to the service connection through the softener in the rst position and for establishing flow of water for backwashing from the raw Water connection to the drain through the softener in reverse in the second position, a first timer set in operation by the counter for measuring a predetermined time for back-washing, electrically operated means cooperating with the Valve means and put in operation by the first timer for cutting off the flow of backwash through the softener and connecting the source of brine through the softener to the drain in the third position, means for measuring the quantity of brine and cutting off the brine after the measured quantity has been introduced, means for introducing rinse Water through the softener to the drain in the third position after the measured quantity of brine has been introduced, a second timer put in operation by the first timer and measuring the time of brining plus rinsing, and electrically operated means cooperating with the valve means and put in operation by the second timer for cutting off the rinse and connecting the raw Water connection through the softener to the service in the first position.

3. In Water softener mechanism, a Water softener, a raw water connection, a service connection, a backwash connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with a water meter responding to the flow of water through the softener, electrical contact means periodically closed by the water meter, an electrical counter actuated by the electrical contact means and counting out when a predetermined count is reached, the counter including means for returning to zero at the beginning of "eachA cycle, "a `'backW-ash timer put inoperationby theelectrical counter -at the completion of apredetermined count, valve means operated bythe counter for cuttingoff the softener from theraW vWaterconnection and the service connection and connecting reverse fiovv through the softener vfrom the 'backwash connection to the drain, a brining *timer put -in operation by the back-wash timerwhen it times out, valve means put in operation by the "backwashtimer when it times out "for cutting off the flow from the backwash connection to the softener land opening r`flovv from the source of `brine 'to ythe softener, and valve `means putiin'operation bythe brining timer when vit times out 'for'closing the connection `from the source /of brineto the softener and opening V:the connectionifrom the raw water connection tothe service Aconnection through vthe softener, and automatic means for restoring the backwash "timer and the brining timer to zero.

4. In-Water softener mechanism, `a 4Water softener, a raW Water connection, a service connection, a'backwash connection, a rinse connection, a drain and a connection `to a source of brine, "in 'combination with a 'Water meter responding t'othe iloW of water through the'softener, electrical Contact means periodically closed by the Water meter, an 'electrical counter actuated by the electrical `contact means and counting out When a .predetermined countv is reached, the electrical counter including means for returningto .zero at'the beginning of each cycle, a backwash timer put in operation by the electrical counter at the completion of a predetermined count,

yvalve means operated by the counter for cutting o'if the softener from the raw Water connection `and the service connection and connecting re verse now through 'the softener from the Iback- Wash connection to the drain, a brining timer .pnt in operation by the backvvash timer when it Vtimes out, valve means put in operation by the backwashrtimer when it .times out for cutting olf ,the flow from the backwash connection to the softener and opening flow from the source o'f brine and 'from the rinse connection to the softener, valve means for closing the connection to .thesource of brine when a predetermined quanrtity of brine has been discharged while continuing the flow of Water from the rinse connection, valve meansfput in operation by the brining timer when it times out for cutting'off flow from the rinse connection and connecting the raw Water connection to the service connection through the :softener and automatic means for restoring the backwash timer and the brining timer to Zero.

.5. lIn Watersoftening mechanism, a Water softener, araw Water connection, a backwash con- .nectionVa service connection, a rinse Water connection, a drain and a connection to a source of ibrine, Vin combination with a Water meter responsive `to ow of Water through the softener `during-softening, electric contact means operated fby the water meter for1 closing the contacts in response tothe flow, an electric counter advanced bythe closing of the electric contacts and tripped .Whenit countsout, a zeroing device for restoring :the electric counter to zero after it has counted vout,lan electric backwash timer put in operation bythe electric counter when it has counted out, lva'lves operating in the start of the cycle of the -fbackwash timer for disconnecting the raw Water -and servicelconnections from the softener and establishing backwash and drain connections to fthe softenenaibrining timer .put-in operation'by fthe backwash -timer for disconnecting the brine rinse and drain connections from the softener and connecting the raw Water and service connections to the softener.

6. In Water softening mechanism, a softener, a raw `Water connection, a backwash connection,

-a `ser-vice connection, a rinse water connection,

a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination `vvith -a water meter responsive to flowo'f Water1 through the softener during softening, electric contact means operated by the water meter for closing the contacts in response -to the ffiow, -an electric counter advanced by .the

closing of the electric contacts and tripped when counts out, a zeroing device for restoring the -electric counter to Zero after it has counted out,

an electric backwash timer put in operation by the electric counter when it has counted out,

valves operated in the start of the time interval of the backwash timer for disconnecting the raw -Water and service connections from the softener and establishing backwash and drain connections "tothe softener, a brining timer put in operation bythe backwash timer when it times out, valves operated during the beginning of the time interval of the brining timer for introducing the brinefrom the source and rinse Water from the `connection to the softener and connecting the softener tothe drain, a device for measuring the quantity of brine supplied to the softener,

valves'operated when the brining timer times out for disconnecting the brine, rinse and drain connections from the softener and connecting the raw Water and service connections to the softener,

and means operative when the brining timer times out for zeroing the backwash timer and the Vbrining timer.

7. In yWater softening4 mechanism, a softener having a normal inlet and outlet, a raw Water connection, a service connection, a backwash convnection, a rinse Water connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with a Water meter responsive to the flowof lWater through the softener during softening,

electrical contacts periodically closed by the Water meter in Vresponse to flow through the meten an electric counter operatively connected to 'the contacts to count the number of times the contacts close, a first switch closed by the electric counter when the counter counts out,

a vvalve motor'operatively connected to the rst switch, a rotary valve having connections to both sidesof the softener, to the raw Water connection,

to the service connection and to the drain, the

Vrotaryvalve being operatively connected to the valve motor, a rst limit switch which disconnects the valve motor when it has advanced to a position at which the normal inlet to the sof- .tener is disconnected from the raw water con .nection and the normal outlet from the softener .is disconnected from the service connection While the backwash connection is connected through the rotary valve to the drain, a backwash timer -put in operation when the counter counts out,

a second switch operated when the backwash timer Vcounts out and operatively connected to start the valve motor and drive the rotary valve forward to a position at which the softener is disconnected from the backwash connection and connected to the source of brine and to the drain, a second limit switch for disconnecting the valve motor when the rotary valve reaches this position, a brining timer put in operation by the backwash timer, a third switch closed when the brining timer counts out and operatively connected in the valve motor circuit to advance the rotary valve to a position at which the connection to the source of brine is closed off, the drain is closed off and the raw Water connection and the service connection are connected respectively to the normal inlet and outlet of the softener, and a third limit switch operated when the brining counter counts out and operatively connected to the valve motor to stop the advance of the motor when the rotary valve has reached the position at which the raw water connection and the service connection are connected to the softener.

8. In water softening mechanism, a softener having a normal inlet and outlet, a raw water connection, a service connection, a backwash connection, a rinse water connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with a water meter responsive to the flow of water through the softener during softening, electrical contacts periodically closed by the water meter in response to iiow through the meter, an electric counter operatively connected to the contacts to count the number of times the contacts close, a rst switch closed by the electric counter when the counter counts out, a valve motor operatively connected to the first switch, a rotary valve having connections to both sides of the softener, to the raw water connection, to the service connection and to the drain, the rotary valve being operatively connected to the valve motor, a first limit switch which disconnects the valve motor when it has advanced to a position at which the normal inlet to the softener is disconnected from the raw water connection and the normal outlet from the softener is disconnected from the service connection while the backwash connection is connected through the rotary valve to the drain, a backwash timer put in operation when the counter counts out, a second switch operated when the backwash timer counts out and operatively connected to start the valve motor and drive the rotary valve forward to a position at which the softener is disconnected from the backwash connection and connected to the source of brine and to the rinse water connection, a second limit switch for disconnecting the valve motor when the rotary valve reaches this position, a brining timer put in operation by the backwash timer, a third switch closed when the bringing timer counts out and operatively connected in the valve motor circuit to advance the rotary valve to a position at which the connection to the source of brine and to the rinse water connection is closed oif, the drain is closed off and the raw water connection and theservice connection are connected respectively to the normal inlet and outlet of the softener, and a third limit switch operated when the brining counter counts out and operatively connected to the valve motor to stop the advance of the motor when the rotary valve has reached the position at which the raw water connection and the service connection are connected to the softener.

9. In a water softening device, a softener, a

raw water connection, a service connection, va. backwash connection, a rinse water connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with a water meter responsive to the ow of softened water through the softener, contacts operated by the water meter and periodically closed in proportion to flow through the meter, a counter responsive to the closing of the contacts and counting the number of times which the contacts close, a valve motor, a rotary valve operatively connected to and driven by the motor and having connections to the raw water connection, the service and the drain and from and to the softener, electric circuit means for driving the valve motor including a first switch closed by the counter when the counter counts out, electric circuit means including a. first limit switch for stopping the motor when the valve has advanced to a position at which it cuts off the water softening connections between the raw water inlet and the service and establishes a connection for the backwash Water through the softener to the drain, a backwash timer operatively connected to and started by the counter when it counts out, electric circuit means including a second switch tripped by the backwash timer when it times out which starts the valve motor forward against electric circuit means including a second limit switch for stopping the forward motion of the rotary valve when the connection of the backwash water through the softener to the drain has been broken and a connection from the source of brine and from the rinse Water through the softener to the drain has been established, means for establishing a connection from the source of brine and from the rinse water to the softener at this time, a float valve for closing the flow of brine through the softener when the source of brine drops to a predetermined level, a brining timer operax tively connected to and started by the backwash timer when it times out, eelctric circuit means including a third switch tripped by the brining timer and operatively connected to the valve motor to drive the valve forward when the brining timer times out, electric circuit means including a third limit switch for disconnecting the circuit of the valve motor when the rotary valve has moved forward to a position at which it has broken the connection to the drain and established connection from the raw water inlet through the softener to the service, and electric circuit means for closing the connection between the source of brine and the rinse water angl the softener when the brining timer times ou l0. In a water softening device, a softener, a raw water connection, a service connection, a backwash connection, a rinse water connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with a Water meter responsive to the iiow of softened water through the softener, contacts operated by the Water meter and periodically closed in proportion to flow through the meter, a counter responsive to the closing of the contacts and counting the number of times which the contacts close, a valve motor, a rotary valve operatively connected to and driven by the valve motor and having connections to the raw water connection, the service and the drain and from and to the softener, electric circuit means for driving the valve motor including a first switch closed by the counter when the counter counts out, electric circuit means including a first limit switch for stopping the valve motor when the 17 rotary valve has advanced to a position at which it cuts off the water softening connections between the raw Water inlet and the service and establishes a connection for the backwash water through the softener to the drain, a backwash timer operatively connected to and started by the counter when it counts out, electric circuit means including a second switch tripped by the backwash timer when it times out which starts the valve motor forward again, electric circuit means including a second limit switch for stopping the forward motion of the rotary valve when the connection of the backwash water through the softener to the drain has been broken and a connection from the source of brine and from the rinse water through the softener to the drain has been established, means for establishing a connection from the source of brine and from the rinse water to the softener at this time, a float valve for closing the ow of brine through the softener when the source of brine drops to a predetermined level, a brining timer operatively connected to and started by the backwash timer when it times out, electric circuit means including a third switch tripped by the brining timer and operatively connected to the valve motor to drive the valve forward when the brining timer times out, electric circuit means including a third limit switch for disconnecting the circuit of the valve motor when the rotary valve has moved forward to a position at which it has broken the connection to the drain and established connection from the raw water inlet through the softener to the service, electric circuit means for closing the connection between the source of brine and the rinse water and the softener when the brining timer times out, and electrical means for connecting the brine makeup tank with the source of brine when the third limit switch operates.

11. In a water softening device, a softener, a raw water connection, a service connection, a backwash connection, a rinse water connection, a drain and a connection to a source of brine, in combination with a water meter responsive to the flow of softened water through the softener, contact operated by the water meter and periodically closed in proportion to flow through the meter, a counter responsive to the closing of the contacts and counting the number of times which the contacts close, a valve motor, a rotary Valve operatively connected to and driven by the valve motor and having connections to the raw water connection, the service and the drain and from and to the softener, electric circuit means for driving the valve motor including a first switch closed by the counter when the counter counts out, electric circuit means including a first limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for stopping the valve motor when the rotary valve has advanced to a position at which it cuts off the water softening connections between the raw water inlet and the service and establishes a connection for the backwash water through the softener to the drain, a backwash timer operatively connected to and started by the counter when it counts out, electric circuit means including a second switch tripped by the backwash timer when it times out which starts the valve motor forward again, electric circuit means including a second limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for stopping the forward motion of the rotary valve when the connection of the backwash water through the softener to the drain has been broken and a connection from the source of brine and from the A18 rinse water through the softener to the drain has been established, means including a solenoid valve, an eductor and connections for rinse water and brine to the eductor and from the eductor to the softener for brining and rinsing, electric circuit means including a third limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for opening the solenoid valve, a float valve for closing the flow of brine through the softener when the source of brine drops to a predetermined level, a brining timer operatively connected to and started by the i backwash timer when it times out, electric circuit means including a third switch tripped by the brining timer and operatively connected to the valve motor to drive the valve forward when the brining timer times out, electric circuit means including a fourth limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for disconnecting the circuit of the valve motor when the valve has moved forward to a position at which it has broken the connection to the drain and established connection from the raw water inlet through the softener to the service and electrical means for closing the solenoid valve between the source of brine and the source of rinse water and the softener when the brining timer times out.

l2. In a water softening device, a softener, a raw water connection, a service connection, a vbackvvash connection, a rinse water connection, a drain, a brine makeup tank, and a brine measuring tank connected thereto, in combination with a water meter responsive to the flow of softened water through the softener, electrical contacts operated by the water meter and periodically closed in proportion to flow through the meter, a counter responsive to the closing of the contacts and counting the number of times which the contacts close, a valve motor, a rotary valve operatively connected to and driven by the valve motor and having connections to the raw water connection, the service and the drain and to and from the softener at the top and bottom respectively, electrical circuit means for driving the valve motor including a rst switch closed by the counter when the counter counts out, electric circuit means including a first limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for stopping the valve motor when the rotary valve has advanced to a position at which it cuts off the water softening connection between the raw water inlet and the service and establishes a connection for the backwash water through the softener to the drain, a backwash timer operatively connected to and started by the counter when it counts out, electric circuit means including a second switch tripped by the `lcackwash timer when it counts out Which starts the valve motor forward again, electric circuit means including a second limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for stopping the forward motion of the rotary valve when the connection of the backwash water through the softener has been broken and a connection to the brine and to the rinse Water through the softener to the drain has been established, means including a solenoid valve, an eductor and connections for rinse water and brine to the eductor and from the eductor to the softener for brining and rinsing, electric circuit means including a third limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve and for opening the solenoid valve, a oat valve for closing the flow of brine from the measuring tank through the eductor to the softener when the brine level drops to a predetermined point, a brining timer operatively connected to and started by the backwash timer when it times out, electric circuit means including a third switch tripped by the brining timer and operatively connected to the valve motor to drive the Valve forward when the brining timer times out, electric circuit means including a fourth limit switch operatively connected to the rotary valve for disconnecting the circuit of the valve motor when the Valve has moved forward to a position at which it has broken the connection to the drain and established connection from the raw water inlet thrcugh the softener to the service, electric means for closing the solenoid valve between the source of brine and the source of rinse water and the softener when the brining timer times out and electrical means for connecting the brine makeup tank with the brine measuring tank when the fourth limit switch operates and for disconnecting the same when the fourth limit switch does not operate.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Tomkinson Oct. 23, 1928 Turner Jan. 1, 1929 Lindsay Mar. 12, 1929 Eisenhauer Dec. 24, 1929 Borrowman Feb. 24, 1931 McCord Mar. 29, 1932 Dotterweich Jan. 10, 1933 Staegemann June 18, 1933 Staegemann Aug. 18, 1936 Liebknecht Apr. 18, 1939 Symons Oct. 15, 1940 Brice et al. Apr. 29, 1941 Whitlock June 20, 1944 Tiger June 10, 1947 McGill et al. Aug. 24, 1948 Mueller Jan. 30, 1951 

1. IN A WATER SOFTENING MECHANISM, A SOFTENER, DRAIN AND A CONNECTION TO A SOURCE OF BRINE, IN COMBINATION WITH VALVE MEANS HAVING PORTS FOR ONE POSITION DIRECTING WATER FROM THE RAW WATER CONNECTION THROUGH THE SOFTENER TO THE SERVICE CONNECTION, IN A SECOND POSITION DIRECTING WATER IN REVERSE THROUGH THE SOFTENER TO THE DRAIN WHILE CUTTING OFF THE SERVICE CONNECTION AND IN A THIRD POSITION DIRECTING BRINE FROM THE BRINE SOURCE THROUGH THE SOFTENER TO THE DRAIN WHILE CUTTING OFF THE SERVICE CONNECTION, A WATER METER RESPONSIVE TO THE FLOW OF WATER THROUGH THE SOFTENER IN SOFTENING, ELECTRIC CONTACT MEANS ON THE WATER METER FOR MAKING CONTACT AT INTERVALS CORRESPONDING TO THE FLOW OF WATER THROUGH THE METER, AN ELECTRIC COUNTER FOR COUNTING A PREDETERMINED NUMBER OF IMPULSES RESULTING FROM CLOSING OF THE ELECTRIC CONTACT MEANS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED MEANS COOPERATING WITH THE VALVE MEANS AND PUT IN OPERATION BY THE COUNTER WHEN THE PREDE- 